概述 Overview

礦用一般型高壓無功補(bǔ)償開關(guān)柜( 簡稱GKWB) 適用于非煤礦山10KV 的大中型工礦企業(yè)等負(fù)荷波動較功率因數(shù)需經(jīng)常調(diào)節(jié)的變電站配電系統(tǒng)，也可廣泛用于電力系統(tǒng)、城市輸變站、機(jī)械、汽車、鐵路、煤大、炭、有色金屬、化工等行業(yè)。

The General High Voltage Reactive Power Compensation Switchgear (GKWB) for mining is suitable for non coal mining 10KV large and mediumsized industrial and mining enterprises and other substation distribution systems that require frequent adjustment of power factor due to load fluctuations. It can also be widely used in power systems, urban transmission stations, machinery, automobiles, railways, coal, coal, non-ferrous metals, chemical and other industries.

技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù) Technical data

額定電壓(kV):10

額定頻率(Hz):50

電源電壓:AC/DC220V+10%( 外接)

裝置的一次原理接線如圖2 所示。該圖可作為本裝置的圖標(biāo)，表示在電氣一次系統(tǒng)接線圖中。

Rated voltage (kV): 10

Rated frequency (Hz): 50

Power supply voltage: AC/DC220V+10% (external)

The primary principle wiring of the device is shown in Figure 2. This diagram can serve as the icon for this device, representing it in the electrical primary system wiring diagram.

適用范圍 Scope of application

本補(bǔ)償柜適用于煤礦無瓦斯、無粉塵爆炸場所及非煤礦山等其它類似的地下工業(yè)生產(chǎn)部門，為額定電壓至10kV，與前級高壓柜配套使用。

This compensation cabinet is suitable for underground industrial production departments such as coal mines with no gas, no dust explosion sites, and non coal mines. It has a rated voltage of up to 10kV and is used in conjunction with the previous high voltage cabinet.

功能特點(diǎn) Functional Features

1、電壓優(yōu)先

按電壓質(zhì)量要求自動投切電容器，電壓超出設(shè)定值時，逐步切除電容器組，直到電壓合格為止。電壓低于低設(shè)定值時，在保證不過載的條件下逐步投入電容器組，使母線電壓始終處于規(guī)定范圍。

2、無功自動補(bǔ)償功能

在電壓優(yōu)先原則下，依據(jù)負(fù)荷無功功率大小自動投切電容器組，使系統(tǒng)始終處于無功損耗小狀態(tài)

3、智能控制功能

自動發(fā)出動作指令前首先探詢動作后可能出現(xiàn)的超限定值，減少動作次數(shù)。

4、異常報警功能當(dāng)電容器控制回路繼保動作拒動和控制器則自動閉鎖改組電容器的自動控制。

5、模糊控制功能

當(dāng)系統(tǒng)處于電壓合格范圍的高端且在某特定環(huán)境時如何實施綜控原則是該系列產(chǎn)品設(shè)計的難點(diǎn)，由于現(xiàn)場諸多因素( 如配置環(huán)境、受電狀況、動作時間、用戶對動作次數(shù)的限制等) 而引起的頻繁動作是用戶為擔(dān)憂的，應(yīng)用模糊控制正是考慮了以上諸多因素使這一" 盲區(qū)" 得到合理解決。

6、綜合保護(hù)功能

每套裝置有開關(guān)保護(hù)( 選配)，過壓、失壓、過流( 短路) 和零序繼電保護(hù)、雙星形不平衡保護(hù)、熔斷器過流保護(hù)、氧化鋅避雷器、接地保護(hù)、速斷保護(hù)等。

1. Voltage priority

Automatically switch capacitors according to voltage quality requirements. When the voltage exceeds the maximum set value, gradually cut off the capacitor bank until the voltage is qualified. When the voltage is lower than the minimum set value, gradually put the capacitor bank into operation while ensuring that it is not overloaded, so that the bus voltage is always within the specified range.

2. Reactive power automatic compensation function

Under the principle of voltage priority, the capacitor bank is automatically switched based on the reactive power of the load, so that the system is always in a state of minimum reactive power loss

3. Intelligent control function

Before automatically issuing action commands, first inquire about all possible out of limit values that may occur after the action, in order to reduce the number of actions.

4. The abnormal alarm function automatically locks and reorganizes the automatic control of the capacitor when the relay protection action of the capacitor control circuit refuses to move and the controller automatically locks.

5. Fuzzy control function

The implementation of comprehensive control principles when the system is at the high end of the qualified voltage range and in a specific environment is a difficult point in the design of this series of products. Frequent actions caused by various factors on site, such as configuration environment, power supply status, action time, and user restrictions on the number of actions, are the most concerning for users. The application of fuzzy control takes into account these many factors to reasonably solve this "blind spot".

6. Comprehensive protection function

Each device is equipped with switch protection (optional), overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent (short circuit) and zero sequence relay protection, double star unbalanced protection, fuse overcurrent protection, zinc oxide lightning arrester, grounding protection, quick break protection, etc.

補(bǔ)償柜功能 Compensation cabinet function

1、無功補(bǔ)償裝置是根據(jù)系統(tǒng)電壓和無功缺額等因素，通過綜合測算，自動或手動投切電容器組，以提高電壓質(zhì)量、改善功率因數(shù)及減少線損。

2、本裝置適用于無人值守變電站和諧波電壓、諧波電流滿足規(guī)定允許值的場合。

3、裝置的數(shù)字式無功補(bǔ)償控制器是根據(jù)九區(qū)圖結(jié)合模糊控制原理、按電壓優(yōu)先和負(fù)荷無功功率以及投切次數(shù)限量等要求決定是否投切電容器組，使母線電壓始終處于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范圍內(nèi)，不過補(bǔ)，限度減少損耗。在電壓允許的范圍內(nèi)依據(jù)負(fù)荷的無功要求將電容器組一次投切到位。在投入電容器之前預(yù)算電壓升高量，如果超標(biāo)則降低容量投入或不投入。異常情況時控制器發(fā)出指令退出電容器組，同時發(fā)出報警。故障排除后，手動解除報警才能再次投入自動工作方式。

1. Reactive power compensation device is a device that automatically or manually switches capacitor banks based on factors

such as system voltage and reactive power deficit, through comprehensive calculation, in order to improve voltage quality, improve

power factor, and reduce line loss.

2. This device is suitable for unmanned substations where the harmonic voltage and current meet the international allowable

values.

3. The digital reactive power compensation controller of the device is based on the nine zone diagram combined with fuzzy

control principle, and determines whether to switch the capacitor bank according to the requirements of voltage priority, load

reactive power, and limited switching times, so that the bus voltage is always within the standard range, ensuring no compensation

and minimizing losses. Within the allowable voltage range, switch the capacitor bank in place at once according to the reactive

power requirements of the load. Before investing in capacitors, budget for the voltage increase. If it exceeds the standard, reduce

the capacity investment or do not invest. When there is an abnormal situation, the controller issues a command to exit all capacitor

banks and sounds an alarm. After troubleshooting, manually release the alarm before returning to automatic operation mode.

補(bǔ)償柜主要元器件及其作用 Main components and functions of compensation cabinet

1、放電線圈

1.1 額定絕緣水平: 達(dá)到國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。

1.2 放電性能: 電容量滿足電容器的放電要求，滿足在放電容量下放電時的熱穩(wěn)定要求，并滿足二次負(fù)荷及電壓變比誤差的要求。5s內(nèi)將電容器組上的剩余電壓自額定電壓峰值降至50V。

2、專用無功補(bǔ)償控制器HYD-ZK

投切原理: 控制裝置在保證電壓質(zhì)量的情況下，按照無功功率的大小，自動投切電容器組，使母線電壓始終處于規(guī)定范圍。

控制裝置應(yīng)能對電容器組自動進(jìn)行優(yōu)化控制，根據(jù)電壓優(yōu)先的原則，以所需無功大小自動投切電容器使系統(tǒng)始終處于不過壓、不過補(bǔ)、無功損耗小的狀態(tài)。控制裝置應(yīng)具備不同運(yùn)行方式自動識別能力，能自動識別電容器安裝組數(shù)，并根據(jù)每組的容量進(jìn)行智能預(yù)測，配合參數(shù)的合理設(shè)置，不發(fā)生投切振蕩; 能實現(xiàn)循環(huán)投切的控制方式，能對電容器組先投先切; 具有手動、自動控制功能，自動與手動互鎖，在手動投切時，控制器自動閉鎖退出控制; 控制裝置有死機(jī)自恢復(fù)功能，具有抗干擾能力，裝置有來電自檢閉鎖功能。

自動投切控制符合以下原則:

(1) 電壓優(yōu)先控制原則: 電壓超高定值時，切除電容器組; 電壓超低定值時，在保證不過補(bǔ)條件下投電容器組。

(2) 無功補(bǔ)償控制原則( 既電壓合格范圍時的原則): 無功欠補(bǔ)投電容器組，無功過補(bǔ)切電容器組; 投電容器之前先探詢是否投后電壓超高限，再決定是否投電容( 由軟件模糊理論分析決定)。

(3) 模糊控制原則: 預(yù)設(shè)投切支路的容量，實時監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的有功功率、無功功率，根據(jù)設(shè)定的參數(shù)投切負(fù)荷要求的支路。

3、電容器單臺保護(hù)用熔斷器

型號: 噴逐式熔斷器

3.1、額定電流: 熔斷器的熔絲額定電流不小于電容器額定電流的1.43 倍，并不大于電容器額定電流的1.55 倍。

3.2、耐壓要求: 達(dá)到國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。

4、高壓隔離開關(guān)

用來控制補(bǔ)償柜的投入和退出，與補(bǔ)償柜的進(jìn)線開關(guān)柜有互鎖，在補(bǔ)償柜需要檢修或調(diào)試時，與系統(tǒng)隔離并形成明顯的斷開點(diǎn)。

5、真空接觸器

電容型專用接觸器

投切開關(guān)具有任意投切的功能; 具有頻繁投切的能力; 分閘時觸頭無明顯彈跳、熔焊; 分閘時不應(yīng)發(fā)生重?fù)舸? 具有承受合閘涌流的能力。

6、過電壓保護(hù)用避雷器

技術(shù)要求及運(yùn)行條件符合GB11032《交流無間隙金屬氧化物避雷器》中的相關(guān)規(guī)定。

7、電抗器

7.1、使用條件: 使用環(huán)境條件與電容器成套裝置使用環(huán)境條件相同。

7.2、型式: 干式鐵芯電抗器

額定頻率:50HZ 相數(shù): 三相額定電抗率:6%

1. Discharge coil

1.1 Rated insulation level: meets the requirements of national standards.

1.2 Discharge performance: The capacitance meets the discharge requirements of the capacitor, meets the thermal stability requirements when discharging at the maximum discharge capacity, and meets the requirements of secondary load and voltage transformation ratio error. Reduce the residual voltage on the capacitor bank from the peak rated voltage to 50V within 5 seconds.

2. Dedicated reactive power compensation controller HYD-ZK

Switching principle: The control device automatically switches the capacitor bank according to the magnitude of reactive power while ensuring voltage quality, so that the bus voltage is always within the specified range.

The control device should be able to automatically optimize the control of the capacitor bank, and according to the principle of voltage priority, automatically switch the capacitors based on the required reactive power level

Keep the system in a state of no overvoltage, no compensation, and minimal reactive power loss. The control device should have the ability to automatically identify different operating modes, recognize the number of capacitor installation groups, and make intelligent predictions based on the capacity of each group. With the reasonable setting of parameters, it should not experience switching oscillations; Can achieve a control mode of cyclic switching, and can switch the capacitor bank first; It has manual and

automatic control functions, with automatic and manual interlocking. When manually switching, the controller automatically locks and exits the control; The control device has a self recovery function for system crashes, anti-interference capability, and a self check locking function for incoming calls.

The automatic switching control conforms to the following principles:

(1) Voltage priority control principle: When the voltage exceeds the set value, cut off the capacitor bank; When the voltage is set too low, the capacitor bank should be put into operation under the condition of ensuring no additional compensation.

(2) The principle of reactive power compensation control (i.e. the principle when the voltage is within the qualified range): reactive power under compensation is applied to the capacitor bank, and reactive power over compensation is applied to the capacitor bank; Before inserting the capacitor, inquire whether the voltage exceeds the high limit after insertion, and then decide whether to insert the capacitor (determined by software fuzzy theory analysis).

(3) Fuzzy control principle: preset the capacity of switching branches, monitor the active and reactive power of the system in real time, and switch the branches required by the load according to the set parameters.

3. Single protection fuse for capacitors

Model: Spray type fuse

3.1 Rated current: The rated current of the fuse of the fuse shall not be less than 1.43 times the rated current of the capacitor, and shall not be greater than 1.55 times the rated current of the capacitor.

3.2. Voltage resistance requirement: Meet the national standard requirements.

4. High voltage isolation switch

Used to control the input and output of the compensation cabinet, it is interlocked with the incoming switch cabinet of the compensation cabinet. When the compensation cabinet needs maintenance or debugging, it is isolated from the system and forms a clear disconnection point.

5. Vacuum contactor

Capacitive special contactor

The switching switch has the function of arbitrary switching; Capable of frequent switching; There is no obvious bouncing or welding of the contacts when opening the circuit; There should be no heavy impact when opening the switch; Capable of withstanding surge currents during closing.

6. Surge arrester for overvoltage protection

The technical requirements and operating conditions comply with the relevant provisions of GB11032 "AC gapless metal oxide surge arrester".

7. Reactor

7.1. Usage conditions: The usage environmental conditions are the same as those of the complete capacitor device.

7.2 Type: Dry type iron core reactor

Rated frequency: 50HZ Number of phases: Three phases Rated reactance rate: 6